Interior Structure and Composition of the Earth
The knowledge about the interior structure and composition of the earth has a long history. Before seismic tomography, scientists knew very little about the interior of the Earth. The study…
The process of convection in Mantle
The mantle is a layered part of the earth, which is located just beneath the crustal layer of the earth. The Earth’s crustal surface (lithosphere) rides atop the asthenosphere. The…
What is Isostasy
Isostasy C.E Dutton, in 1889, suggested that a gravitational balance exists between the elevated masses (i.e. continents) and ocean basin of the earth’s crust. It is believed that the lithosphere…
Theory of the Continental Drift
The theory of continental drift was presented by a German geologist, Alfred Wegener in 1910. He suggested that at the beginning of the Mesozoic era (200 million years ago), all…
Theory of Plate Tectonics (tectonic theory)
The theory of Plate Tectonics has evolved from Harry Hess’s concept of “seafloor spreading”. He proposed this concept in the early 1960s. Hess’s hypothesis was accepted when Vine and Mathews…
Convection current in the mantle
The flow of high heat associated with oceanic ridges proves the existence of “Convection Currents in the Mantle”. These currents are believed to be responsible for the movement of crustal…
What is theory of sea floor spreading?
What is the Theory of Seafloor Spreading? The theory of seafloor spreading was first proposed by Harold Hemmond Hess in 1960. the two fundamental facts that led him to postulate…
What is Weathering, and its different types
Weathering is the breakage and detachment of the sediments, particles, and granules from the surface of rocks. Weathering is a continuous and regular process, which is composed of many underlying…
Soil Formation| Components of Soil, and Factors affecting the soil Formation
Soil is a complex and dynamic natural resource that forms the outermost layer of the Earth’s crust. It serves as a reservoir of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and living…
Soil formation in different climatic regions
The process of Soil formation, which is also known as pedogenesis, is a complex natural phenomenon. It is influenced by various factors such as climate, parent material, topography, organisms, and…