What is Isostasy
Isostasy C.E Dutton, in 1889, suggested that a gravitational balance exists between the elevated masses (i.e. continents) and ocean basin of the earth’s crust. It is believed that the lithosphere…
Theory of the Continental Drift
The theory of continental drift was presented by a German geologist, Alfred Wegener in 1910. He suggested that at the beginning of the Mesozoic era (200 million years ago), all…
Theory of Plate Tectonics (tectonic theory)
The theory of Plate Tectonics has evolved from Harry Hess’s concept of “seafloor spreading”. He proposed this concept in the early 1960s. Hess’s hypothesis was accepted when Vine and Mathews…
Convection current in the mantle
The flow of high heat associated with oceanic ridges proves the existence of “Convection Currents in the Mantle”. These currents are believed to be responsible for the movement of crustal…
What is theory of sea floor spreading?
What is the Theory of Seafloor Spreading? The theory of seafloor spreading was first proposed by Harold Hemmond Hess in 1960. the two fundamental facts that led him to postulate…
What is Weathering, and its different types
Weathering is the breakage and detachment of the sediments, particles, and granules from the surface of rocks. Weathering is a continuous and regular process, which is composed of many underlying…
Factors affecting the rate of the weathering
The rate at which a rock weathers depends on the following factors. The particle size influences the rate of weathering. The smaller the particles, the greater the surface area for…
Soil Formation| Components of Soil, and Factors affecting the soil Formation
Soil is a complex and dynamic natural resource that forms the outermost layer of the Earth’s crust. It serves as a reservoir of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and living…
Soil formation in different climatic regions
The process of Soil formation, which is also known as pedogenesis, is a complex natural phenomenon. It is influenced by various factors such as climate, parent material, topography, organisms, and…
What are different types of Soils
Depending upon their mode of formation, the soil deposits have been broadly grouped into two classes: (i) residual soil deposits, and (ii) transported soil deposits. What are the different types…